(1932- )
Nam June Paik (1932-2006), best known as the founder of video art, was a master representative of the 21st century contemporary art. Born in 1932 in Seoul, he studied music, philosophy and art history in Japan and Germany, and worked actively in Germany and New York. Even before the emergence of the Internet, he has created the artwork that connects global people throughout television, and suggested that technology and media would be the means of going to the utopian world. Moreover, he has visualized the new aesthetic concept through the reciprocal effect and harmony between nature, human and technology.
In 1963, Nam June Paik had his first solo exhibition Music-Electronic Television at the Galerie Parnass in Wuppertal, the Western German City. It was a bold and experimental exhibition reconstructing televisions from musical instruments. Paik used TV monitors as his canvas. He visualized sound with electronic waves and distorted broadcasting images as if they were moving paintings. Even eminent critics had a hard time understanding and interpreting his television receivers into artworks, but Paik pioneered a new genre of video art. After moving to New York in 1946, he met Charlotte Moorman, who was known in the New York art world through performances that integrates with music, art and technology. In 1967, Paik and Moorman were arrested in the middle of a performance of Opera Sextronique for reasons of "indecent exposure." When he triumphed in court, his performance gained legal recognition as having artistic value and Paik rose to stardom for liberating art expression that had been long oppressed.
He had a first solo exhibition in 1973 at the Syracuse Evans Art Institute in New York and he held a successful solo exhibition in 1982 at the Whitney Museum of American Art. In 1984, his first satellite broadcast project, Good Morning Mr. Orwell, succeeded in reaching 25 million international viewers at once. By realizing two additional phase broadcast project in 1986 and 1988, he demonstrated the importance of "Communication culture through technology" which he had been long asserting.
Nam June Paik used various media such as TV and video, media and technology, painting, drawing, performance, installation and incorporating diverse art categories. He attended the Venice Biennale for the first time in 1985 and at the same biennale in 1993; he received the honorable Golden Lion Award. During the '90's, he created Dadaicsun, the large installation projects utilizing 1003 monitors, Electronic Superhighway comprised of 313 monitors with 47 different channels, and W3 that had foreseen the today's web-culture. A final retrospective of his work was held in 2000 at the Guggenheim Museum in New York where he exhibited electric laser works such as the Three Element. Through this exhibition, Paik's status as an artist became fixed, both in name and reality, as being the most internationally innovative and ultramodern. Even after he passed away in 2006, his innovative art world has been represented in many famous museums including at the Smithsonian in 2013, Asia Society of Rockefeller Collection and Tate Modern in 2014.
Nam June PAIK (Korea, 1932 – 2006)
1932 Born in Seoul, Korea
1956 BFA Department of Aesthetics, University of Tokyo, Japan
1978-1955 Professor of Video Art, Kunstakademie Düsseldorf, Germany
2006 Died in Miami, USA
SELECTED SOLO EXHIBITIONS
2015 W3, Hakgojae, Seoul, Korea
2014 Nam June Paik, Tate Modern, London
Nam June Paik: Becoming Robot, Asia Society, New York, USA
Meeting Nam June Paik in Shanghai, Hakgojae Shanghai, Shanghai, China
Rheinland, my artistic Heimat, National Museum of Modern and Contemporary Art, Seoul, Korea
2013 Art in Process, Smithsonian American Art Museum, Washington D.C., USA
Thomas Solomon Gallery, Los Angeles, USA
2012 Nam June Paik Spectrum, SOMA, Seoul, Korea
Art in Process, Smithsonian American Art Museum, Washington D.C., USA
2011 Museum Kunst Palast, Düsseldorf, Germany; Tate Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
2010 Museum Kunst Palast, Düsseldorf, Germany
2007 Nam June Paik y Corea, de la fantástico a lo hiperreal, Fundación Telefónica, Madrid, Spain
2006 Bye Bye, Nam June Paik, Watari Museum of Contemporary Art, Tokyo, Japan
In Memoriam, Museum of Modern Art, New York, USA
Orange County Museum of Art, Los Angeles, USA
Paik on Paper, Kunst Museum Bochum, Bochum, Germany
2005 Den ZufallimGriff, Galerie Reckermann, Cologne, Germany
Olympe de Gouges, Musée d' Art moderne de la Ville de Paris, Paris, France
2004 Award 2004 der Kunstschiftung NRW, Phoenixhalle, Dortmund, Germany
Global Groove 2004, Deutsche Guggenheim, Berlin, Germany
Art Gallery of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
2002 Fluxus und Video Sklupturs, Wilhelm-Lehmbruck Museum, Duisburg, Germany
II giocoliere elettronico, Nam June Paik e l' invenzione della video arte, Palazzo Cavour, Turin, Italy
2000 The World of Nam June Paik, Guggenheim Museum, New York; Hoam Museum, Yongin, Korea
Zeichnungen, Museum fürGegenwartskunst, Basel, Switzerland
1999 Fluxus/Video, Kunsthalle Bremen, Bremen, Germany
1997 Nam June Paik, Byron Cohen ·Lennie Berkowitz Gallery for Contemporary Art, Kansas City, USA
The Electronic Super Highway, Nelson-Atkins Museum of Art, Kansas City, USA; Honolulu Academy of Art, Honolulu, USA
1996 Documentation of Nam June Paik, Canal City Hakata, Fukuoka, Japan
Video Sculptures, Electronic Undercurrents, Statens Museum for Kunst, Copenhagen, Denmark
The Electronic Super Highway, San Jose Museum of Art, San Jose, USA; San Diego Museum of Contemporary Art, San Diego, USA
1995 The Electronic Super Highway, Holly Solomon Gallery, New York; Indianapolis Museum, Indianapolis, USA; Columbus Museum of Art, Columbus, USA; Philadelphia Academy of Fine Arts, Philadelphia, USA
Baroque Laser, Pfarrkirche Mariae Himmelfahrt-Dyckburg, Münster-St. Mauritz, Germany
Videoveistoksiaja - installaatioita, Ars Nova, Turku, Finland
High Tech Allergy, Kunst Museum Wolfsburg, Wolfsburg, Germany
1994 Lo Sciamano del Video, Arengario in the Palazzo Reale, Milan, Italy
Nam June Paik, Fukuoka Art Museum, Fukuoka, Japan
The Electronic Super Highway: Travels with Nam June Paik, Fort Lauderdale Museum of Art, Fort Lauderdale, USA
Nam June Paik: Recent Works, Albert Benamou-Philippe Gravier, Paris, France
1993 The Rehearsal for the Venice Biennale- The German Pavilion, Holly Solomon Gallery, New York, USA
TV Bed, Fish TV, Egg Grows, Beuys Vox, Darwin, Video chandeliers ‘91, Neptun, Weisser Raum, Hamburg, Germany
Artist as Nomad, German Pavilion, the 45th International Art Exhibition - La Biennale di Venezia, Venice, Italy
Recent Works: Nam June Paik, Watari Museum of Contemporary Art, Tokyo, Japan
1992 Neue Arbeiten, Galerie Hans Mayer, Düsseldorf, Germany
Nam June Paik Retrospective: Video in Time, Video-space, National Museum of Modern and Contemporary Art, Gwacheon, Korea
Photographs, Holly Solomon Gallery, New York, USA
Ⅱ Novecento di Nam June Paik: Artielettroniche, cinema e media verso il XXI, Palazzo delleEsposizioni, Rome, Italy
The Chase Information Wall permanent indoor sculpture, Chase Metro Tech Center, New York, USA
1991 Video Time-Video Space, Kunsthalle Basel, Basel, Switzerland
Nam June Paik, Galerie Berndt und Krips, Cologne, Germany
1990 Sterne, Galerie Hans Mayer, Düsseldorf, Germany
Chiostri di San Domenico, Reggio Emilia, Italy
Nam June Paik: TV, Galerie Marika Malacorda, Geneva, Switzerland
1989 Recent Paintings and Sculpture, Holly Solomon Gallery, New York, USA
Museo de Bellas Artes de Bilbao, Bilbao, Spain
La Fée Électronique, Musée d’Art Moderne de la Ville de Paris, Paris, France
The Family of Robot, Fukuoka Art Museum, Fukuoka, Japan
San Francisco Museum of Modern Art, San Francisco, USA
1988 Metrobot, Contemporary Arts Center, Cincinnati, USA
Video Works 1963-88, Hayward Gallery, London, UK
1987 Bye-Bye Kipling Drawings, Galerie Watari, Tokyo, Japan
1986 Nam June Paik, Fukui Theater FBC, Fukui, Japan
1984 Art for 25 Million People: Good Morning, Mr. Orwell, Kunst und Satelliten in der Zukunft, daadagalerie, Berlin, Germany
Mostly Video, Tokyo Metropolitan Art Museum, Tokyo, Japan
BSO and Beyond, Institute of Contemporary Art, Boston, USA
1982 Nam June Paik, Whitney Museum of American Art, New York, USA
Nam June Paik, Musée National d’Art Moderne, Centre Georges Pompidou, Paris, France
1981 By with of on Beuys, Cage, Cunningham, Paik, Galerie Watari, Tokyo, Japan
Nam June Paik, Whitney Museum of American Art, New York, USA
1980 The New American Filmmakers Series, Whitney Museum of American Art, New York, USA
VIDEA IroIro: PAPER TV AND Tropical Fish, Galerie Watari, Tokyo, Japan
1978 Nam June Paik Retrospective, Musée d’Art Moderne de la Ville de Paris, Paris, France
A Tribute to John Cage, Galerie Watari, Tokyo, Japan
1977 Projects: Nam June Paik, The Museum of Modern Art, New York, USA
1976 Werke 1946-1976: Musik-Fluxus-Video, Kolnischer Kunstverein, Cologne, Germany
1975 Fish Files on the Sky – Fish hardly flies anymore on the Sky – let Fishes fly again, Martha Jackson Gallery, New York, USA
1974 Videon Videology 1959-1973, Everson Museum of Art, New York, USA
1968 Nam June Paik Exhibition, Stony Art Gallery, Stony Brook, New York, USA
Electronic Art Ⅱ, Galeria Bonino, New York, USA
Electronic Art Ⅲ: Paik – Abe Video, Galeria Bonino in collaboration with Inter-media Institute, New York, USA
1967 Expanding Perceptions in the Arts, Godwin-Ternbach Museum, CUNY Queens College, New York, USA
1965 Nam June Paik: Cybernetics Art and Music, New School for Social Research, New York, USA
Nam June Paik--Electronic Art, Galeria Bonino, NewYork, USA
1963 Exposition of Music--Electronic Television, Galerie Parnass, Wuppertal, Germany
Expanding Perceptions in the Arts, Art Center of the Paul Klapper Librarary, New York, USA
SELECTED GROUP EXHIBITIONS
2015 TV is TV, Nam June Paik Art Center, Yongin, Korea
2014 The Moment, We Awe, Sanshang Contemporary Art Museum, Hangzhou, China
Good Morning Mr.Orwell 2014, Nam June Paik Art Center, Yongin, Korea
A Day with Nam June Paik, Gyeonggi Museum of Modern Art, Ansan, Korea
From Horse to Christo, Nam June Paik Art Center, Yongin, Korea
2013 Learning Machine, Nam June Paik Art Center, Yongin, Korea
GENTLE DISTURBANCE Talking Paik, Nam June Paik Art Center, Yongin, Korea
2012 Nostalgia is an Extended Feedback, Nam June Paik Art Center, Yongin, Korea
Global Groove, Eli and Edythe Broad Art Museum, East Lansing, USA
X-sound: John Cage, Nam June Paik and After, Nam June Paik Art Center, Yongin, Korea
2011 Video, an art, a History, 1965-2010, Singapore Art Museum, Singapore
Measuring the World, Heterotopias and Knowledge Spaces in Art, Kunsthaus, Graz, Austria
Vidéo et après [with Jud Yalkut], Musée national d' art moderne Centre de creation industrielle, Paris, France
TV Commune, Nam June Paik Art Center, Yongin, Korea
Mediascape, à pas de Nam June Paik, Nam June Paik Art Center, Yongin, Korea
2010 Pasado-presente, Coleccion Nuevos Medios Centro Pompidou, Espacio Fundacion Telefonica, Madrid, Spain
Art Gwangju 2010, Kimdaejung Convention Center, Gwangju, Korea
Trickster Makes This World, Nam June Paik Art Center, Yongin, Korea
Moving Images, Artist & Film, Museum Ludwig, Cologne, Germany
The Flower of May, Gwangju Biennale Foundation, Gwangju, Korea
Random Access, Nam June Paik Art Center, Yongin, Korea
2009 Vital Signals, Japanese and American Video Art from the 1960s and 70s, Open Television, Los Angeles County Museum of Art, Los Angeles, USA
Open Television, Los Angeles County Museum of Art, Los Angeles, USA
Die Kunstist Super!, Hamburger Bahnhof Museum für Gegenwart, Berlin, Germany
Record Again!, Ludwig Forum fürInternazionale Kunst, Aachen, Germany
Exposition of mythology, Electronic Technology, Nam June Paik Art Center, Yongin, Korea
Macro, Summer in Rome, Museo d' arte contemporanea, Rome, Italy
Pop-Up!, Ludwig Forum fürInternationale Kunst, Aachen, Germany; Hessel Museum of Art, New York, USA
The Art of Participation, 1950 to Now, San Francisco Museum of Modern Art, San Francisco, USA
Now Jump, Nam June Paik Art Center, Yongin, Korea
2008 Fluxus Scores and Instructions, the Transformative Years, Make a Salad, Museum of Contemporary Art, Roskilde, Denmark
Good Morning Mr. Nam June Paik, Korean Cultural Centre, London, UK
Centre Pompidou Novos Media 1965-2003, Museu national de arte contemporanea Museu do Chiado, Lisbon, Portugal
2007 Fluxus, una larga historia con muchos nudos, Allemania 1962-1994, Centro andaluz de arte contemporaneo, Sevilla, Spain
Centre Pompidou, Video Art 1965-2005, Australian Centre for the Moving Image, Melbourne, Australia
First Generation, Art and the Moving Image, 1963-1986, Museo National Centro de arte Reina Sofia, Madrid, Spain
The New Media Collection 1965-2005, Museum of Contemporary Art Australia, Sydney, Australia
2006 Video die 80er Jahre, Kunstsammlung Nordrhein Westfalen, Düsseldorf, Germany
Video, An Art, a History, 1965-2005, New Media Collection, Centre Pompidou, Miami Art Central, Miami, USA
New Media Collection, 1965-2005, Centre Pompidou, Taipei Fine Arts Museum, Taipei, Taiwan
Nothing, Schirn Kunsthalle, Frankfurt, Germany
Videokunst der 60er Jahre in Deutschland, Kunsthalle Bremen, Bremen, Germany
The Expanded Eye, Kunsthaus Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
Photo-Traffic, Centre pour l' image contemporaine Saint-Gervais, Geneva, Switzerland
Oeuvres video de la collection Pierre Huber, Magasin, Central national d' art contemporain, Grenoble, France
Summer of love, Kunsthalle Vienna, Vienna, Austria
Sip my Ocean, Louisiana Museum of Contemporary Art, Humlebaek, Denmark
Tokyo-Berlin, Berlin-Tokyo, Mori Art Museum, Tokyo, Japan
35th International Film Festival Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
2005 Woman, Metamorphosis of modernity, Fundació Joan Miró, Barcelona, Spain
Encontros com o modernism, Museu de arte moderna do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Friedrich Christian Flick Collection, Hamburger Bahnhof Museum für Gegenwart, Berlin, Germany
Dallocchio' elletronico, Castello di Rivoli, Rivoli, Italy
50 Jahre-Years documenta 1955-2005, Kunsthalle Friedericianum, Kassel, Germany
Mixed Double, Carnegie Museum of Art, Pittsburg, USA
Ein Ring von Unschätzbarem Wert, Museum Franz Gertsch, Burgdorf, Switzerland
Videographies, The Early Decades, National Museum of Contemporary Art, Athens, Greece
Sammlung 205 Neupräsentation der erweiterten Sammlung, K21 Kunstsammlung, Düsseldorf, Germany
I am Making Art, Queensland Art Gallery, Brisbane, Australia
Art Locality Germany, National Museum of Contemporary Art, Bucharest, Romania
II teatro dell’arte, Villa Manin, Centre for Contemporary Art, Codroipo, Italy
An International Legacy, Selections from Carnegie Museum of Art, Columbus Museum of Art, Columbus, USA
Über Schönheit, Haus der Kulturen der Welt, Berlin, Germany
Wonderwall, Netherlands Media Art Institute Montevideo, Amsterdam, Netherlands
Contemporanea, Fundación Juan March, Madrid, Spain
Temps de video 1965-2005, Col.lecció Nouveaux Medias del Centre Pompidou amb la participació de la col. Lecció d' art contemporani FundacióLa Caixa, Funddzació La Caixa, Barcelona, Spain
Superstars, Kunsthalle Wien, Vienna, Austria
2004 Sons et lumières, une histoire de son dans l' art du 20ème siècle, Centre National d'art et de Culture Georges Pompidou, Paris, France
Video Sculpture in Germany since 1963, National Gallery, Bangkok, Thailand
Hypermedia, Orange County Museum of Art, Los Angeles, USA
Becoming Father, Becoming Infant, Bronx Museum of the Arts, New York, USA
Video et cogito, Wiederhergestellte Künstlervideos der Sammlung, Ludwig Forum fürInter nationale Kunst, Aachen, Germany
Prima e dopo l' immagine, Museo d' arte contemporanea, Rome, Italy
Collection Agnès b., Les Abattoirs, Midi-Pyrénées FRAC, Toulouse, France
Arte del video,Il viaggio delluomo immobile, Fondazione Ragghianti, Lucca, Italy
Art & Life, HaraMuseum of Contemporary Art, Tokyo, Japan
Treasure Island, 10 Jahre Sammlung Kunst Museum Wolfsburg, Kunst Museum, Wolfsburg, Germany
I Love Art 7, Watari Museum of Contemporary Art, Tokyo, Japan
2003 Video acts, single channel works from the collections of Pamela and Richard Kramlich and New Art Trust, MoMA PS1, New York, USA
Who's Afraid of Contemporary Art?, Israel Museum, Jerusalem, Israel
X-screen, Film Installations and Actions in the 1960s and 1970s, Museum Moderner Kunst Stiftung Ludwig Wien, Vienna, Austria
Recent Acquisitions, Musée d' art contemporain de Montreal, Montreal, Canada
Nothing Special, Foundation for Art and Creative Technology, Liverpool, UK
2002 Les animaux sortent de leur réserve, Centre Georges Pompidou, Galerie des enfants, Paris, France
Fluxus und Videoskulpture, Stiftung Wilhelm Lehmbruck Museum, Duisburg, Germany
Reineland is my artistic Heimat, NRWForum Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
1999 Geometrieals Gestalt: Strukturen der modernenKunst, Von Albers bis Paik; Werke der Sammlung Daimler Chrysler, Nene National galerie, Berlin, Germany
Das XX, Jahrhundert Ein Jahrhundert Kunst in Deutchland, Hamburger Bahnhof Museum für Gegenwart, Berlin, Germany
The American Century: Art and Culture, 1900-2000 (Part 2), Whitney Museum of American Art, New York, USA
1998 Out of Actions: Between Performance and the Object, 1949-1979, The Geffen Contemporary at the Museum of Contemporary Art, Los Angeles, USA
1997 Skulptur, Projekte in Münster 1997, Münster, Germany
1996 Mixed Pixels: Nam June Paik Students, Video Dreams 1978-95, Kunst Museum Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
Media-scape, Guggenheim Museum Soho, New York, USA
Klangkunst, Akademie der Kuste Berlin, Berlin, Germany
1995 Einelange Geschichte mit vielen Knoten: Fluxus in Deutschland 1962-94, Musée de l' Orangerie, Paris, France
The 1st Gwangju Biennale special exhibition: infoART 95, Gwangju museum of Art, Gwangju, Korea
4th International Istanbul Biennale, Istanbul Foundation for Culture and Arts, Istanbul, Turkey
3rd Biennale d' Art Contemporain de Lyon: installation, cinema, video, informatique, Musée d' Art Contemporain, Lyon, France
1994 Home Video Redefined: Media, Sculpture, and Domesticity, Center of Contemporary Art, Miami, USA
Japanese Art after 1945: Scream against the Sky, Yokohama Museum of Art, Yokohama, Japan
The Howard Wise Gallery: TV As a Creative Medium, 1969, Whitney Museum of American Art, New York, USA
1993 In the Spirit of Fluxus, Walker Art Center, Minneapolis, USA
Georg Baselitz, Enzo Cucchi, Wolfgang Laib, Nam June Paik, Jean-Pierre Raynaud, CAPC Musée d' Art Contemporain de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
1991 I Love Art, Watari Museum of Contemporary Art, Tokyo, Japan
1990 8th Biennale of Sydney: Readymade Boomerang, Certain Relations in Twentieth Century Art, Sydney, Australia
1989 1989 Biennial Exhibition, Whitney Museum of American Art, New York, USA
Image World: Art and Media Culture, Whitney Museum of American Art, New York, USA
1988 On Track: An Exhibition of Art in Technology, Nova Building, Alberta, Canada
Video Art: Expanding Forms, Whitney Museum of American Art, New York, USA
Australian Biennale 1988: From the Southern Cross, A View of World Art 1940-1988, Art Gallery of New South Wale, Sydney, Australia
Positionen Heutiger Kunst, New National Gallery, Berlin, Germany
1987 1987 Biennale Exhibition, Whitney Museum of American Art, New York, USA
L' Époque, La Mode, La Passion: Aspect de l' Art d' Aujour-d' hui, 1977-1987, Musée National d' Art Moderne, Centre George Pompidou, Paris, France
Documenta 8, Kassel, Germany
The Art for Television, The Museum of Contemporary Art, Los Angeles, USA
1985 Video Sculpture, ARCA Centre d' Art Contemporain, Marseilles, France
1984 41st La Biennale di Venezia: Arte e arti, attualità e storia, The British Council, London, UK
Video: A Retrospective, Long Beach Museum of Art, Long Beach, USA
Content: A Contemporary Focus, Hirsh-horn Museum and Sculpture Garden, Washington D.C., USA
1983 American Video: Twenty New Works, Hyogo Prefectural Museum of Modern Art, Hyogo, Japan
1983 Biennial Exhibition, Whitney Museum of American Art, New York, USA
1982 60’80 attitudes/concepts/images, Stedelijk Museum Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
Wiesbaden Fluxus 1962-82, Eine Kleine Geschichte von Fluxus in drei Teilen, Nassauischer Kunstverein, Wiesbaden, Germany
1981 1981 Biennial Exhibition, Whitney Museum of American Art, New York, USA
1980 FürAugen und Ohren, Akademie der Künste, Berlin, Germany
Treffpunkt Parnass 1949-1965, Von der Heydt-Museum, Wuppertal, Germany
Mein Kölner Dom, Kölnischer Kunstverein; Wallraf-Richartz-Museum; Museum Ludwig, Cologne, Germany
1977 1977 Biennial Exhibition, Whitney Museum of American Art, New York, USA
Satellite Telecast, Documenta 6, Kassel, Germany
1976 New York-Downtown Manhattan: SoHo, Akademie der Künste, Berlin, Germany
The River: Images of the Mississippi, Walker Art Center, Minneapolis, USA
1975 Video Art, University of Pennsylvania, Institute of Contemporary Art, Philadelphia, USA
Part of 13th Bienal de São Paulo, Video Art USA, São Paulo, Brazil
Sehen um zuHören: Objekte and Konzertezur VisuellenMusik der 60er Jahre, Kunsthalle Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
Luminous Realities, Fine Arts Gallery, Wright State University, Dayton, USA
1974 Art Now 74: A Celebration of the American Arts, John F. Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts, Washington D.C., USA
Videobänder (Video Tapes), Kölnischer Kunstverein, Cologne, Germany
Kunstbleibt Kunst: Aspekte Internationaler Kunst am Anfang der 70er Jahre. Projekt 74, Kunsthalle Köln, Cologne, Germany
5th International Experimental Film Competition, Knokke-Heist Casino, Knokke-Heist, Belgium
1973 Sammlung Cremer-Europäisch Avantgarde 1950-1970, Kunsthalle Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
Circuit: A Video Invitational, Everson Museum of Art, Syracuse, USA
1972 Cine-probe: An Evening with Jud Yalkut and Nam June Paik, The Museum of Modern Art, New York, USA
1971 Hit and Run Screening (films in collaboration with Jud Yalkut), Rizzoli Screening Room, New York, USA
1970 Happening and Fluxus, Kölnischer Kunstverein, Cologne, Germany
Vision and Television, Rose Art Museum, Brandeis University, Waltham, USA
1969 Electric Art, UCLA Art Galleries, Los Angeles, USA
TV As a Creative Medium, Howard Wise Gallery, New York, USA
Other Ideas, Detroit Institute of Arts, Detroit, USA
1968 Art in Editions: New Approaches, Loeb Student Center, New York University, New York, USA
Sammlung Hahn: Zeitgenössische Kunst, Wallraf-Richartz-Museum, Cologne, Germany
Cybernetic Serendipity: The Computer and the Arts, Institute of Contemporary Art, London, UK
The Machine: As Seen at the End of the Mechanical Age, The Museum of Modern Art, New York, USA
1967 The Artist as Filmmaker, The Jewish Museum, New York, USA
Light/Motion/Space, Walker Art Center, Minneapolis, USA
Lights in Orbit, Howard Wise Gallery, New York, USA
1966 Kinetic and Programmed Art, Museum of Art, Rhode Island School of Design, Providence, USA
1965 Art Tuned On, Institute of Contemporary Art, Boston, USA
1962 World Graphic Scores, Minami Gallery, Tokyo, Japan
AWARDS
2001 Wilhelm Lehmbruck Prize, Duisburg, Germany
Lifetime Achievement in Contemporary Sculpture Award, International Sculpture Center, Hamilton, USA
2000 National Arts Club, New York, USA
Geumgwan Order of Culture Merit, Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism, Korea
1998 Goethe Medal, Weimar, Germany
Kyoto Prize in Arts and Philosophy, Kyoto, Japan
1995 Fukuoka Asia Culture, Fukuoka, Japan
Ho-Am Prize in the Arts, Seoul, Korea
1993 Golden Lion Award, 45th La Biennale di Venezia, Venice, Italy
Picasso Medal, UNESCO
1991 Skowhegan Medal for Video Installation, USA
1981 Will Grohmann Award, Berlin, Germany
COLLECTIONS
Tate Modern, London
National Museum of Modern and Contemporary Art, Gwacheon, Korea
Ackland Art Museum, Raleigh,USA
Albright-Knox Art Gallery, New York, USA
Art Museum of the Americas, Washington D.C, USA
Daimler-Chrysler Collection, Berlin, Germany
Fukuoka Art Museum, Fukuoka, Japan
Hirshhorn Museum and Sculpture Garden, Washington D.C, USA
Honolulu Museum of Art, Honolulu, USA
Kunsthallezu Kiel, Kiel, Germany
Ludwig Forum fürInternationaleKunst, Aachen, Germany
Musée d'Art Moderne de la Ville de Paris, Paris, France
Museum Wiesbaden, Wiesbaden,Germany
The National Gallery of Australia, Canberra, Australia
Berardo Collection Museum, Lisbon, Portugal
National Museum of Contemporary Art, Athens, Greece
Palazzo Cavour, Turin, Italy
Royal Museums of Fine Arts of Belgium, Brussels, Belgium
Stedelijk MuseumAmsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
Schleswig-Holstein Museums, Schleswig, Germany
Smart Museum of Art, University of Chicago, Chicago, USA
Smith College Museum of Art, Boston, USA
Hessel Museum of Art, Bard College, Annandale-on-Hudson, USA
Smithsonian American Art Museum, Washington D.C, USA
Stuart Collection, San Diego, USA
Dayton Art Institute, Dayton, USA
Walker Art Center, Minneapolis, USA